Older brickwork has a timeless appeal — the color variations, the texture, and the craftsmanship all tell a story. But with age comes vulnerability. Decades of exposure to rain, snow, and temperature swings can cause mortar to crumble and bricks to absorb too much moisture. Left unchecked, these issues can lead to costly structural damage. Fortunately, with the right care and maintenance, you can greatly extend the life of your brickwork. Here’s a guide to making older brickwork more weather-resistant in the varied climates of the United States.

Start with a Thorough Inspection

Before you begin any repairs, take time to assess the condition of your brickwork. Walk around your home and look for:

• Cracked or missing mortar joints, especially around windows, doors, and the foundation.
• Spalled or crumbling bricks, which may indicate freeze-thaw damage.
• Dark stains, moss, or mildew, signs of moisture retention.
• White powdery deposits (efflorescence), showing that water is moving through the wall and leaving salts behind.

Take photos and notes of problem areas. This will help you plan your repairs and track changes over time.

Clean the Surface Gently

Cleaning is an essential first step before any repair work. Avoid using a pressure washer — the high force can erode both bricks and mortar. Instead, use a soft brush and clean water, possibly with a mild masonry cleaner. For moss or algae, choose an environmentally safe biocide designed for masonry surfaces.

Once the wall is clean and dry, you’ll have a clearer view of where repointing or brick replacement is needed.

Repointing: Renewing the Mortar Joints

Mortar is the most vulnerable part of brickwork, and deteriorated joints can let in water. Repointing — the process of removing and replacing old mortar — restores both strength and weather resistance.

1. Remove the old mortar to a depth of about ½ to ¾ inch using a chisel or grinder.
2. Brush out dust and debris to ensure a clean surface.
3. Lightly mist the joints with water before applying new mortar to prevent premature drying.
4. Apply new mortar that matches the original in composition and color. For older brickwork, a lime-based mortar is often better than modern Portland cement mixes, as it allows the wall to “breathe” and move slightly with temperature changes.

After the mortar sets, gently brush the joints for a uniform finish.

Replace Damaged Bricks

Bricks that are cracked, flaking, or crumbling should be replaced. Carefully remove the damaged brick, clean out the cavity, and set a new brick in place using the same type of mortar used for repointing. Try to match the new brick’s color and texture to the existing wall — not only for appearance but also for consistent moisture absorption.

If you’re unsure about the process, consider hiring a mason experienced in historic restoration. Proper technique is key to preserving both the look and integrity of older masonry.

Protect Against Moisture from Above and Below

Water is brickwork’s greatest enemy. Make sure gutters and downspouts are clear and direct water well away from the foundation. Check that grading around the house slopes away from the walls to prevent pooling. Inspect flashing around chimneys, windows, and doors to ensure it’s intact and watertight.

Adding drip edges or drip caps above windows and doors can also help divert rainwater away from the wall surface — a small detail that can make a big difference.

Consider a Breathable Water Repellent

In areas with heavy rainfall or freeze-thaw cycles, a breathable masonry sealer can help. These products repel water on the surface while allowing moisture vapor from inside the wall to escape. Avoid sealers that form a non-breathable film — they can trap moisture and cause damage behind the surface.

If your brickwork was historically limewashed or painted, you might also consider limewash or mineral paint. These traditional finishes protect against weather while allowing the wall to breathe naturally.

Ongoing Maintenance

Once your brickwork is restored, regular maintenance will keep it in good shape. Perform an annual inspection, ideally in spring, to spot any new cracks or signs of moisture. Clean off moss or dirt, clear gutters, and repair small issues before they grow into major problems.

Consistent, small efforts are far more effective — and less expensive — than large-scale repairs every decade.

Preserve the Character — and the Strength

Maintaining older brickwork isn’t just about keeping out the weather; it’s about preserving the character and craftsmanship of your home. By using compatible materials and traditional techniques, you can protect your brickwork for decades to come — ensuring it remains both beautiful and structurally sound, no matter what the weather brings.